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All have intriguing names, such as the title dance of our CD. Another memorable title, Principio de Virtu, might refer to a connection of the manuscript with the Visconti family in Milan: Gian Galeazzo Visconti was known as the Count of Virtu.\n\nThe Istanpitta, or Estampie, is the only medieval dance form for which descriptions as well as music have survived. Each phrase, or punctum, in an estampie is repeated. A refrain of differing length is inserted after each iteration of a phrase, alternating open and closed endings. The Salterello follows the same principle but tends to be shorter and less complicated in character.\n\nIt is quite extraordinary that these dances were written down at all, since we know that the players of these pieces, known as minstrels or jongleurs, mostly improvised their art. Successful minstrels needed a tinker's bagful of talents. According to Guiraut de Calancon (Fadet Joglar), they were expected to play at least nine instruments, have a knack for storytelling and songwriting, sing, improvise dances, juggle, perform magic tricks, demonstrate acrobatic skills, catch little apples on knives, imitate birdsong, jump through four hoops, and, if possible, dance with bears!\n\nAlthough playing for dancers would have been an important part of the professional musicians' job, they didn't hesitate to play vocal works. They made their own arrangements or improvised on songs their audiences knew. Even in church this practice was not unknown: the famous hymn Ave maris stella served as the base for a highly ornamented version in the Faenza Codex, a 15th-century manuscript containing instrumental arrangements of mostly 14th-century vocal polyphony.\n\nWomen played instruments, as amateurs and as professionals. Francesco da Barberino, in his Reggimento e costumi di donna, a 14th-c. treatise on the education of young women, states that they should learn to play instruments, especially the vielle and the harp; they should know how to sing and compose text and music and be able to perform these songs, accompanying themselves. 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"https://magnatune.com/music/Shira%20Kammen/The%20Castle%20of%20the%20Holly%20King/cover_400.jpg", "web_url" : "https://magnatune.com/artists/albums/shira-castle/", "api_url" : "https://magnatune.com/api/albums/shira-castle", "buy_url" : "https://magnatune.com/buy/album?sku=shira-castle" },{ "sku" : "shira-wildwood", "name" : "Wild Wood", "artist" : { "name" : "Kammen and Swan", "page" : "kammen_swan" }, "release_date" : "2003-10-09", "genres" : ["World","Folk","Medieval"], "vocals" : "vocals", "moods" : ["playful","romantic","tender","nostalgic","peaceful","dreamy"], "uses" : ["travel","nature documentary","documentary","period drama or history","fantasy or medieval","wedding"], "energy" : 3, "instrumentation" : ["acoustic guitar","celtic harp","flute","female vocals","bodhrán"], "sounds_like" : [], "summary" : "A bright, traditional Celtic folk album with gentle vocals and medieval influences, ideal for travel, historical, or romantic projects.", "cover" : "https://magnatune.com/music/Kammen%20and%20Swan/Wild%20Wood/cover_400.jpg", "web_url" : "https://magnatune.com/artists/albums/shira-wildwood/", "api_url" : "https://magnatune.com/api/albums/shira-wildwood", "buy_url" : "https://magnatune.com/buy/album?sku=shira-wildwood" },{ "sku" : "mpacifica-dancing", "name" : "Dancing in the Isles", "artist" : { "name" : "Musica Pacifica", "page" : "musica_pacifica" }, "release_date" : "2010-12-17", "genres" : ["Classical","Folk","Renaissance","Baroque","Instrumental"], "vocals" : "instrumental", "moods" : ["playful","nostalgic","elegant","melancholic","festive","reflective"], "uses" : ["period drama or history","documentary","travel","emotional storytelling","wedding","cafe or restaurant"], "energy" : 3, "instrumentation" : ["baroque violins","recorders and whistle","harpsichord","baroque cello","theorbo","percussion"], "sounds_like" : ["Henry Purcell","James Oswald","Matthew Locke"], "summary" : "Baroque and traditional English, Scottish, and Irish instrumental music with lively reels, melancholy ballads, and courtly dances—ideal for period dramas, documentaries, and elegant background settings.", "cover" : "https://magnatune.com/music/Musica%20Pacifica/Dancing%20in%20the%20Isles/cover_400.jpg", "web_url" : "https://magnatune.com/artists/albums/mpacifica-dancing/", "api_url" : "https://magnatune.com/api/albums/mpacifica-dancing", "buy_url" : "https://magnatune.com/buy/album?sku=mpacifica-dancing" },{ "sku" : "fulton-harpsinthetrees", "name" : "Angelorum - The Harps in the Trees", "artist" : { "name" : "Cheryl Ann Fulton", "page" : "fulton" }, "release_date" : "2017-10-27", "genres" : ["World","Classical","Medieval","New Age"], "vocals" : "instrumental", "moods" : ["peaceful","ethereal","meditative","hopeful","spiritual","reflective"], "uses" : ["nature documentary","documentary","meditation or yoga","spa or massage","emotional storytelling","period drama or history"], "energy" : 2, "instrumentation" : ["medieval harp","celtic harp","female vocals","harps choir"], "sounds_like" : ["Hildegard von Bingen"], "summary" : "Medieval and Celtic harp music with ethereal female vocals, perfect for nature documentaries, meditation, and historical or spiritual projects.", "cover" : "https://magnatune.com/music/Cheryl%20Ann%20Fulton/Angelorum%20-%20The%20Harps%20in%20the%20Trees/cover_400.jpg", "web_url" : "https://magnatune.com/artists/albums/fulton-harpsinthetrees/", "api_url" : "https://magnatune.com/api/albums/fulton-harpsinthetrees", "buy_url" : "https://magnatune.com/buy/album?sku=fulton-harpsinthetrees" },{ "sku" : "voxnostra-notredame", "name" : "Vocal music of the Cathedral Notre-Dame de Paris in the year 1200", "artist" : { "name" : "Vox Nostra", "page" : "vox_nostra" }, "release_date" : "2011-07-23", "genres" : ["Classical","Vocal","Medieval","Classical Singing"], "vocals" : "vocals", "moods" : ["spiritual","meditative","mysterious","majestic","nostalgic","ethereal"], "uses" : ["period drama or history","religious or ceremonial","documentary","meditation or yoga","spa or massage","art or gallery"], "energy" : 2, "instrumentation" : ["medieval vocal ensemble","unaccompanied choral singing","layered polyphonic voices","liturgical chant"], "sounds_like" : ["Notre-Dame school composers","Léonin","Pérotin"], "summary" : "Gorgeously complex and rich unaccompanied medieval choral music from Notre-Dame de Paris circa 1200, ideal for historical, spiritual, or contemplative projects.", "cover" : "https://magnatune.com/music/Vox%20Nostra/Vocal%20music%20of%20the%20Cathedral%20Notre-Dame%20de%20Paris%20in%20the%20year%201200/cover_400.jpg", "web_url" : "https://magnatune.com/artists/albums/voxnostra-notredame/", "api_url" : "https://magnatune.com/api/albums/voxnostra-notredame", "buy_url" : "https://magnatune.com/buy/album?sku=voxnostra-notredame" },{ "sku" : "reverie-ancmosaic", "name" : "Ancient Mosaic with Guitar", "artist" : { "name" : "La Reverie", "page" : "la_reverie" }, "release_date" : "2011-04-16", "genres" : ["Classical","Renaissance","Baroque","Classical Singing"], "vocals" : "vocals", "moods" : ["peaceful","reflective","nostalgic","tender","meditative","elegant"], "uses" : ["period drama or history","documentary","meditation or yoga","spa or massage","study or focus","emotional storytelling"], "energy" : 2, "instrumentation" : ["classical guitar","soprano vocals","light percussion"], "sounds_like" : ["John Dowland","Luis de Milan","Johann Sebastian Bach"], "summary" : "A serene and elegant collection of Renaissance and Baroque guitar pieces with soprano vocals, ideal for historical, reflective, or calming media projects.", "cover" : "https://magnatune.com/music/La%20Reverie/Ancient%20Mosaic%20with%20Guitar/cover_400.jpg", "web_url" : "https://magnatune.com/artists/albums/reverie-ancmosaic/", "api_url" : "https://magnatune.com/api/albums/reverie-ancmosaic", "buy_url" : "https://magnatune.com/buy/album?sku=reverie-ancmosaic" },{ "sku" : "canconier-canconier", "name" : "Canconier", "artist" : { "name" : "Canconier", "page" : "canconier" }, "release_date" : "2009-04-27", "genres" : ["Classical","World","Medieval","Instrumental"], "vocals" : "instrumental", "moods" : ["meditative","mysterious","nostalgic","spiritual","elegant","peaceful"], "uses" : ["period drama or history","fantasy or medieval","documentary","meditation or yoga","spa or massage","study or focus"], "energy" : 2, "instrumentation" : ["recorders","harp","lute","psaltery","hurdy gurdy","medieval percussion"], "sounds_like" : [], "summary" : "Authentic medieval instrumental music featuring recorders, harp, lute, psaltery, and hurdy gurdy; ideal for historical, fantasy, or contemplative projects.", "cover" : "https://magnatune.com/music/Canconier/Canconier/cover_400.jpg", "web_url" : "https://magnatune.com/artists/albums/canconier-canconier/", "api_url" : "https://magnatune.com/api/albums/canconier-canconier", "buy_url" : "https://magnatune.com/buy/album?sku=canconier-canconier" },{ "sku" : "canconier-dragon", "name" : "The Black Dragon", "artist" : { "name" : "Canconier", "page" : "canconier" }, "release_date" : "2010-10-30", "genres" : ["Classical","Medieval","Instrumental"], "vocals" : "vocals", "moods" : ["mysterious","dramatic","melancholic","exotic","spiritual","nostalgic"], "uses" : ["period drama or history","fantasy or medieval","documentary","emotional storytelling","religious or ceremonial","film score"], "energy" : 3, "instrumentation" : ["harp","hurdy gurdy","lute","recorder","violin","vocal ensemble"], "sounds_like" : ["Guillaume Dufay","Byzantine chant traditions","early Balkan folk ensembles"], "summary" : "Medieval instrumental and vocal music from 12th–15th centuries featuring harp, hurdy gurdy, lute, recorder, and violin, evoking historical drama, spiritual reflection, and exotic medieval Europe.", "cover" : "https://magnatune.com/music/Canconier/The%20Black%20Dragon/cover_400.jpg", "web_url" : "https://magnatune.com/artists/albums/canconier-dragon/", "api_url" : "https://magnatune.com/api/albums/canconier-dragon", "buy_url" : "https://magnatune.com/buy/album?sku=canconier-dragon" },{ "sku" : "voicesofmusic-gardensogreen", "name" : "In a Garden So Green, Lute Music of Scotland", "artist" : { "name" : "Voices of Music", "page" : "voicesofmusic" }, "release_date" : "2014-12-15", "genres" : ["Classical","World","Renaissance","Folk","Instrumental"], "vocals" : "instrumental", "moods" : ["playful","nostalgic","reflective","tender","elegant","melancholic"], "uses" : ["period drama or history","documentary","nature documentary","emotional storytelling","meditation or yoga","podcast background"], "energy" : 2, "instrumentation" : ["lute","renaissance vocal ensemble","early music instruments","celtic folk melodies"], "sounds_like" : ["John Dowland","Anthony Holborne","Christopher Simpson"], "summary" : "Lilting Renaissance and Baroque lute music with spirited Scottish dance rhythms and tender vocals, ideal for historical, reflective, or nature-themed projects.", "cover" : "https://magnatune.com/music/Voices%20of%20Music/In%20a%20Garden%20So%20Green,%20Lute%20Music%20of%20Scotland/cover_400.jpg", "web_url" : "https://magnatune.com/artists/albums/voicesofmusic-gardensogreen/", "api_url" : "https://magnatune.com/api/albums/voicesofmusic-gardensogreen", "buy_url" : "https://magnatune.com/buy/album?sku=voicesofmusic-gardensogreen" }] }, "license" : { "music_license" : "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 1.0 (CC BY-NC-SA 1.0)", "music_license_url" : "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/1.0/", "listening" : "Stream the free previews, or buy an album for $8 to download it in MP3, AAC, ALAC, FLAC, OGG or WAV. 100% of the price goes to the musician.", "non_commercial" : "Non-commercial projects may use the music under CC BY-NC-SA 1.0: credit the artist and Magnatune, and share alike.", "projects" : "Magnatune members may use any Magnatune music in their projects, commercial or not (videos, films, podcasts, games, apps, websites, adverts), including work for clients, under the Magnatune Project Licence. Projects released while a member stay licensed for good; new projects need an active membership. Credit is required. TV or radio broadcast, cinema, and background music in shops, restaurants or on-hold lines are not included: license those from the musician. Membership: $10/month, $99/year or $299 lifetime; agents can buy one themselves with MPP at /api/member-pass ($10 month, $99 year, $299 lifetime, one-off).", "projects_status" : "available", "projects_signup" : "https://magnatune.com/member/signup", "royalty_free" : "Membership is royalty-free licensing: no per-video, per-download or per-view fees, for every project created and released while a member.", "youtube" : "YouTube, Instagram, TikTok, podcasts: members may use the clean songs in monetized videos. Members register their YouTube channel (the set_youtube_channel MCP tool, or their account page) so YouTube's Content ID doesn't claim their videos. The free versions carry a spoken Magnatune voice and are non-commercial (CC BY-NC-SA), so they're not for monetized channels or client work.", "details" : "https://magnatune.com/info/licensing", "how_to_credit" : "Name the artist and \"Magnatune\", with a link to the album's web_url." } }