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        "name" : "Stile Moderno, Stile Antico",
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            "description" : "Lute music of 17th century France and Italy",
            "location" : "MN, USA",
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        "description" : "The lute in its heyday was valued for the same reasons people are drawn to it today, hundreds of years out of chronology: its soft voice, its beauty of tone, its subtlety. Life has arguably gotten noisier. Perhaps because of, rather than in spite of it, the lute still has a compelling voice. It speaks in a strong whisper that can be heard clearly from the back of a quiet cathedral.\n\nThe music on this album comes from a change of epoch. Polyphony (\"many voices\") dominated art music right to 1600. Particularly in the 16th century, the output of polyphonic madrigals, motets, and masses is astonishing; there are more masterpieces in that oeuvre than are likely to be heard again. Late in the century, as polyphonic structures became ever denser, a \"new\" style, one that featured the single voice carrying a text, was emerging. This was the inception of the Stile Moderno, what we call the Baroque. Their structure was homophonic--a melody and chords.\n\nThe first generation of Moderno practitioners didn't abandon polyphony wholesale: contrapuntal episodes were juxtaposed with florid passaggi over chords. As in the Renaissance (Stile Antico), vocal composition led the development, but the style was quickly assimilated by instrumental ensembles and soloists.\n\nThe lutenist-composers on this recording had feet in both worlds. They all lived in Italy; Johannes Hieronymus Kapsperger in Rome, Alessandro Piccinini in Ferrara, Giovanni Antonio Terzi in Bologna, and Lorenzino Romanus, Knight of the Lute, whose actual identity is a mystery, in Rome and/or Ferrara.\n\nLorenzino and Terzi (on whose life, if not identity, we also have only scant information) are at least a generation older than Piccinini and Kapsperger. Terzi begins in the most purely Renaissance fashion; as was the model for lutenists much of the preceding century, he sets vocal pieces to the lute, almost verbatim. As was also in fashion, for a second lute, he sets elaborate divisions to adorn the original madrigal or motet.\n\nThe Knight of the Lute, Lorenzino Romanus was Terzi's contemporary. His sense of polyphony is masterful, but quirky, and it is routinely interrupted by florid divisions, very much in the early baroque style.\n\nAlessendro Piccinini composed for theorbo, the large cousin of the lute consciously invented as the primary instrument for Baroque accompaniment. He also invented the liuto attiorbato, which is named as the preferred instrument for his compositions for the lute. And yet: although assimilating the developing ideas of the Baroque (and modern) major/minor key system, his compositions are very assiduously polyphonic. Taken in chronological context, we would call him \"conservative\".\n\nFinally, we have Kapsperger. Unlike the others, he wrote not just for lute and theorbo, but also prolifically for instrumental ensembles and voice, including ecclesiastical works and operas. He fell into disrepute when a former ally turned against him in print. His music was reexamined in the fever of scholarship of the late 20th century; it is a vital rediscovery. His music captures the essence of the nascent Baroque on one lute.",
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        "instrumentation" : ["lute","solo lute","early baroque lute","renaissance lute"],
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            "api_url" : "https://magnatune.com/api/albums/thomaswalker-stilemodernostileantico/tracks/20"
        }],
        "previews_note" : "preview_mp3 (and an album's preview_opus and free_download) is the free version: the whole song with a short spoken Magnatune voice every 30 seconds, for use only under CC BY-NC-SA 1.0 (non-commercial, credit, share alike). Clean files: members (sign in) or album buyers (/tracks/{n}/file?key=).",
        "cover" : {
            "small" : "https://magnatune.com/music/Thomas%20Walker/Stile%20Moderno,%20Stile%20Antico/cover_200.webp",
            "medium" : "https://magnatune.com/music/Thomas%20Walker/Stile%20Moderno,%20Stile%20Antico/cover_400.jpg",
            "large" : "https://magnatune.com/music/Thomas%20Walker/Stile%20Moderno,%20Stile%20Antico/cover.jpg"
        },
        "web_url" : "https://magnatune.com/artists/albums/thomaswalker-stilemodernostileantico/",
        "buy" : {
            "price" : 8,
            "currency" : "USD",
            "url" : "https://magnatune.com/buy/album?sku=thomaswalker-stilemodernostileantico",
            "paid_to" : "the musician: 100% of the price goes to their own PayPal",
            "formats" : [{
                "format" : "vbr",
                "label" : "MP3 — high quality VBR"
            },{
                "format" : "mp3",
                "label" : "MP3 — 128k (smaller)"
            },{
                "format" : "aac",
                "label" : "AAC — for iTunes / iPod"
            },{
                "format" : "alac",
                "label" : "ALAC — Apple Lossless"
            },{
                "format" : "flac",
                "label" : "FLAC — lossless, open"
            },{
                "format" : "ogg",
                "label" : "OGG — high quality, open"
            },{
                "format" : "wav",
                "label" : "WAV — lossless, exact copy"
            }],
            "how" : "Give the person the url: they pay on PayPal (card or PayPal account) and get a download key on screen and by email. With that key, GET https://magnatune.com/api/albums/thomaswalker-stilemodernostileantico/downloads?key=KEY lists the download links."
        },
        "related" : [{
            "sku" : "thomaswalker-lasuperbe",
            "name" : "La Superbe",
            "artist" : {
                "name" : "Thomas Walker",
                "page" : "thomas_walker"
            },
            "release_date" : "2017-05-19",
            "genres" : ["Classical","Baroque","Instrumental"],
            "vocals" : "instrumental",
            "moods" : ["peaceful","reflective","elegant","melancholic","nostalgic","meditative"],
            "uses" : ["period drama or history","documentary","meditation or yoga","spa or massage","study or focus","podcast background"],
            "energy" : 2,
            "instrumentation" : ["lute","baroque lute","solo lute"],
            "sounds_like" : ["Francois Dufault","Esaias Reusner"],
            "summary" : "Solo Baroque lute music from 17th-century France and Italy, featuring dance forms and preludes; peaceful and reflective, ideal for historical content, meditation, or focused listening.",
            "cover" : "https://magnatune.com/music/Thomas%20Walker/La%20Superbe/cover_400.jpg",
            "web_url" : "https://magnatune.com/artists/albums/thomaswalker-lasuperbe/",
            "api_url" : "https://magnatune.com/api/albums/thomaswalker-lasuperbe",
            "buy_url" : "https://magnatune.com/buy/album?sku=thomaswalker-lasuperbe"
        },{
            "sku" : "martinwalker-courante",
            "name" : "Courante",
            "artist" : {
                "name" : "Edward Martin and Thomas Walker",
                "page" : "martin_walker"
            },
            "release_date" : "2015-02-17",
            "genres" : ["Classical","Renaissance","Instrumental"],
            "vocals" : "instrumental",
            "moods" : ["elegant","reflective","peaceful","nostalgic","meditative","tender"],
            "uses" : ["period drama or history","documentary","meditation or yoga","spa or massage","study or focus","podcast background"],
            "energy" : 2,
            "instrumentation" : ["two lutes","baroque lute duets","acoustic lute"],
            "sounds_like" : ["Charles Mouton","Denis Gaultier","Ennemond Vieux Gaultier"],
            "summary" : "French High Baroque lute duets with sumptuous counterpoint textures, ideal for calm, reflective, or historically evocative projects.",
            "cover" : "https://magnatune.com/music/Edward%20Martin%20and%20Thomas%20Walker/Courante/cover_400.jpg",
            "web_url" : "https://magnatune.com/artists/albums/martinwalker-courante/",
            "api_url" : "https://magnatune.com/api/albums/martinwalker-courante",
            "buy_url" : "https://magnatune.com/buy/album?sku=martinwalker-courante"
        },{
            "sku" : "mburaglia-versailles",
            "name" : "Versailles et Dresde les Cours du Roi Luth",
            "artist" : {
                "name" : "Mauricio Buraglia",
                "page" : "mauricio_buraglia"
            },
            "release_date" : "2016-07-28",
            "genres" : ["Classical","Baroque","Instrumental"],
            "vocals" : "instrumental",
            "moods" : ["elegant","reflective","nostalgic","peaceful","melancholic","romantic"],
            "uses" : ["period drama or history","documentary","meditation or yoga","spa or massage","study or focus","podcast background"],
            "energy" : 2,
            "instrumentation" : ["lute","solo lute","baroque lute"],
            "sounds_like" : ["Charles Mouton","Sylvius Leopold Weiss"],
            "summary" : "A serene, elegant solo lute album featuring Baroque dance forms and preludes by Mouton and Weiss, ideal for historical, reflective, or calming media projects.",
            "cover" : "https://magnatune.com/music/Mauricio%20Buraglia/Versailles%20et%20Dresde%20les%20Cours%20du%20Roi%20Luth/cover_400.jpg",
            "web_url" : "https://magnatune.com/artists/albums/mburaglia-versailles/",
            "api_url" : "https://magnatune.com/api/albums/mburaglia-versailles",
            "buy_url" : "https://magnatune.com/buy/album?sku=mburaglia-versailles"
        },{
            "sku" : "amccartney-rondeaumelancolique",
            "name" : "Rondeau Melancolique",
            "artist" : {
                "name" : "Alex McCartney",
                "page" : "alex_mccartney"
            },
            "release_date" : "2018-08-10",
            "genres" : ["Classical","Renaissance","Baroque","Instrumental Classical","Chamber Music"],
            "vocals" : "instrumental",
            "moods" : ["melancholic","reflective","tender","peaceful","nostalgic","elegant"],
            "uses" : ["period drama or history","documentary","meditation or yoga","spa or massage","study or focus","emotional storytelling"],
            "energy" : 2,
            "instrumentation" : ["recorder","theorbo","viola da gamba","basso continuo","lute"],
            "sounds_like" : ["François Couperin","Robert de Visée","Jacques Martin Hotteterre"],
            "summary" : "Historically-informed Baroque chamber music for recorder and continuo, featuring delicate, intimate French pieces—ideal for reflective, period-appropriate, or calming media projects.",
            "cover" : "https://magnatune.com/music/Alex%20McCartney/Rondeau%20Melancolique/cover_400.jpg",
            "web_url" : "https://magnatune.com/artists/albums/amccartney-rondeaumelancolique/",
            "api_url" : "https://magnatune.com/api/albums/amccartney-rondeaumelancolique",
            "buy_url" : "https://magnatune.com/buy/album?sku=amccartney-rondeaumelancolique"
        },{
            "sku" : "dshoskes-patrons",
            "name" : "Patrons of the Lute",
            "artist" : {
                "name" : "Daniel Shoskes",
                "page" : "daniel_shoskes"
            },
            "release_date" : "2016-11-22",
            "genres" : ["Classical","Baroque","Instrumental"],
            "vocals" : "vocals",
            "moods" : ["elegant","reflective","nostalgic","tender","peaceful","melancholic"],
            "uses" : ["period drama or history","documentary","meditation or yoga","spa or massage","study or focus","podcast background"],
            "energy" : 2,
            "instrumentation" : ["baroque lute","solo lute","vocal lute songs","historical lute repertoire"],
            "sounds_like" : ["Sylvius Leopold Weiss","Thomas Campion","Anton Logy"],
            "summary" : "A historically informed Baroque lute album featuring solo and vocal pieces by Weiss, Campion, Lobkowitz, Bergen, and Logy—ideal for period-themed, reflective, or calming media projects.",
            "cover" : "https://magnatune.com/music/Daniel%20Shoskes/Patrons%20of%20the%20Lute/cover_400.jpg",
            "web_url" : "https://magnatune.com/artists/albums/dshoskes-patrons/",
            "api_url" : "https://magnatune.com/api/albums/dshoskes-patrons",
            "buy_url" : "https://magnatune.com/buy/album?sku=dshoskes-patrons"
        },{
            "sku" : "amccartney-elizabethslutes",
            "name" : "Elizabeth's Lutes",
            "artist" : {
                "name" : "Alex McCartney",
                "page" : "alex_mccartney"
            },
            "release_date" : "2018-01-26",
            "genres" : ["Classical","Renaissance","Baroque","Instrumental"],
            "vocals" : "instrumental",
            "moods" : ["reflective","melancholic","nostalgic","elegant","peaceful"],
            "uses" : ["period drama or history","documentary","meditation or yoga","spa or massage","study or focus","podcast background"],
            "energy" : 2,
            "instrumentation" : ["lute","historically-informed performance","solo lute","renaissance instrumental"],
            "sounds_like" : ["John Dowland","William Byrd","Anthony Holborne"],
            "summary" : "Solo lute performances of Renaissance English and continental pieces, reflective and melancholic, ideal for historical content, meditation, or calm background use.",
            "cover" : "https://magnatune.com/music/Alex%20McCartney/Elizabeth's%20Lutes/cover_400.jpg",
            "web_url" : "https://magnatune.com/artists/albums/amccartney-elizabethslutes/",
            "api_url" : "https://magnatune.com/api/albums/amccartney-elizabethslutes",
            "buy_url" : "https://magnatune.com/buy/album?sku=amccartney-elizabethslutes"
        },{
            "sku" : "dshoskes-weissundercover",
            "name" : "Weiss Undercover",
            "artist" : {
                "name" : "Daniel Shoskes",
                "page" : "daniel_shoskes"
            },
            "release_date" : "2016-09-21",
            "genres" : ["Classical","Baroque","Instrumental"],
            "vocals" : "instrumental",
            "moods" : ["elegant","reflective","melancholic","nostalgic","meditative","mysterious"],
            "uses" : ["period drama or history","documentary","study or focus","podcast background","meditation or yoga","art or gallery"],
            "energy" : 2,
            "instrumentation" : ["baroque lute","violin","harpsichord (implied in bwv 1025 adaptat"],
            "sounds_like" : ["Sylvius Leopold Weiss","J.S. Bach","Michel Cardin"],
            "summary" : "Baroque lute-focused instrumental album featuring reconstructed Weiss-attributed pieces, Bach adaptations, and modern duets in Weiss's style—ideal for historical, reflective, or meditative projects.",
            "cover" : "https://magnatune.com/music/Daniel%20Shoskes/Weiss%20Undercover/cover_400.jpg",
            "web_url" : "https://magnatune.com/artists/albums/dshoskes-weissundercover/",
            "api_url" : "https://magnatune.com/api/albums/dshoskes-weissundercover",
            "buy_url" : "https://magnatune.com/buy/album?sku=dshoskes-weissundercover"
        },{
            "sku" : "heringman-holburns",
            "name" : "Holburns Passion",
            "artist" : {
                "name" : "Jacob Heringman",
                "page" : "heringman"
            },
            "release_date" : "2003-09-29",
            "genres" : ["Classical","Renaissance","Instrumental"],
            "vocals" : "instrumental",
            "moods" : ["peaceful","reflective","melancholic","elegant","nostalgic","meditative"],
            "uses" : ["period drama or history","documentary","meditation or yoga","spa or massage","study or focus","podcast background"],
            "energy" : 2,
            "instrumentation" : ["renaissance lute","cittern","bandora","solo instrumental"],
            "sounds_like" : ["Anthony Holborne"],
            "summary" : "A peaceful, reflective solo Renaissance instrumental album featuring lute, cittern, and bandora music by Anthony Holborne, ideal for historical content, meditation, or focused listening.",
            "cover" : "https://magnatune.com/music/Jacob%20Heringman/Holburns%20Passion/cover_400.jpg",
            "web_url" : "https://magnatune.com/artists/albums/heringman-holburns/",
            "api_url" : "https://magnatune.com/api/albums/heringman-holburns",
            "buy_url" : "https://magnatune.com/buy/album?sku=heringman-holburns"
        },{
            "sku" : "martin-allemande",
            "name" : "Allemande",
            "artist" : {
                "name" : "Edward Martin",
                "page" : "edward_martin"
            },
            "release_date" : "2009-01-09",
            "genres" : ["Classical","Baroque","Renaissance","Instrumental"],
            "vocals" : "instrumental",
            "moods" : ["peaceful","calm","reflective","elegant","nostalgic","meditative"],
            "uses" : ["documentary","period drama or history","meditation or yoga","spa or massage","study or focus","podcast background"],
            "energy" : 2,
            "instrumentation" : ["vihuela","renaissance lute","baroque lute"],
            "sounds_like" : ["Johann Gottfried Conradi","David Kellner"],
            "summary" : "A calm, elegant collection of Renaissance and Baroque lute suites and fantasias by Conradi and Kellner, ideal for historical content, meditation, or focused listening.",
            "cover" : "https://magnatune.com/music/Edward%20Martin/Allemande/cover_400.jpg",
            "web_url" : "https://magnatune.com/artists/albums/martin-allemande/",
            "api_url" : "https://magnatune.com/api/albums/martin-allemande",
            "buy_url" : "https://magnatune.com/buy/album?sku=martin-allemande"
        },{
            "sku" : "heringman-neusidler",
            "name" : "Hans Neusidler, Ein newes Lautenbuechlein",
            "artist" : {
                "name" : "Jacob Heringman",
                "page" : "heringman"
            },
            "release_date" : "2013-02-05",
            "genres" : ["Classical","Renaissance","Instrumental"],
            "vocals" : "instrumental",
            "moods" : ["peaceful","reflective","melancholic","tender","nostalgic","elegant"],
            "uses" : ["period drama or history","documentary","meditation or yoga","spa or massage","study or focus","podcast background"],
            "energy" : 2,
            "instrumentation" : ["renaissance lute","solo lute","acoustic lute","early music instrumentation"],
            "sounds_like" : ["Hans Neusidler","Josquin des Prez","Heinrich Isaac"],
            "summary" : "Solo renaissance lute performances of 16th-century German, French, and Italian pieces—calm, elegant, and historically evocative, ideal for period content, reflection, or subtle background use.",
            "cover" : "https://magnatune.com/music/Jacob%20Heringman/Hans%20Neusidler,%20Ein%20newes%20Lautenbuechlein/cover_400.jpg",
            "web_url" : "https://magnatune.com/artists/albums/heringman-neusidler/",
            "api_url" : "https://magnatune.com/api/albums/heringman-neusidler",
            "buy_url" : "https://magnatune.com/buy/album?sku=heringman-neusidler"
        }]
    },
    "license" : {
        "music_license" : "Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 1.0 (CC BY-NC-SA 1.0)",
        "music_license_url" : "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/1.0/",
        "listening" : "Stream the free previews, or buy an album for $8 to download it in MP3, AAC, ALAC, FLAC, OGG or WAV. 100% of the price goes to the musician.",
        "non_commercial" : "Non-commercial projects may use the music under CC BY-NC-SA 1.0: credit the artist and Magnatune, and share alike.",
        "projects" : "Magnatune members may use any Magnatune music in their projects, commercial or not (videos, films, podcasts, games, apps, websites, adverts), including work for clients, under the Magnatune Project Licence. Projects released while a member stay licensed for good; new projects need an active membership. Credit is required. TV or radio broadcast, cinema, and background music in shops, restaurants or on-hold lines are not included: license those from the musician. Membership: $10/month, $99/year or $299 lifetime; agents can buy one themselves with MPP at /api/member-pass ($10 month, $99 year, $299 lifetime, one-off).",
        "projects_status" : "available",
        "projects_signup" : "https://magnatune.com/member/signup",
        "royalty_free" : "Membership is royalty-free licensing: no per-video, per-download or per-view fees, for every project created and released while a member.",
        "youtube" : "YouTube, Instagram, TikTok, podcasts: members may use the clean songs in monetized videos. Members register their YouTube channel (the set_youtube_channel MCP tool, or their account page) so YouTube's Content ID doesn't claim their videos. The free versions carry a spoken Magnatune voice and are non-commercial (CC BY-NC-SA), so they're not for monetized channels or client work.",
        "details" : "https://magnatune.com/info/licensing",
        "how_to_credit" : "Name the artist and \"Magnatune\", with a link to the album's web_url."
    }
}