Despite the sophistication of the Inventions and Sinfonias, and their value as teaching pieces of performance and compositional technique, these works were not published in Bach's lifetime, but rather in 1801, 51 years after his death. The "simple" version we are all presently accustomed to comes from this 1801 publication (Neue Bach Ausgabe), though we now are aware of other handwritten copies, including by Bach himself. Begun in Cöthen as teaching pieces for his own son, Wilhelm Friedemann, they were likely finished in Leipzig, where he moved in 1722.
Perhaps "finished" is not quite the right word, as Bach continued to tinker with them. It is evident to me that as teaching pieces, personal instruction by Bach would have been invaluable to his pupils, as improvised ornamentation would have been encouraged, hence the varying versions that have come down to us. It is my opinion that the simpler versions were kept as such to allow for the freedom to exercise one's own taste in regards to ornamentation (within reason). Unlike François Couperin, who was annoyed at anyone's altering of his text, Bach expected it.
In the pupils' versions I am working from I find it interesting that in many,
suggested ornamentation of the main subject only appears at the beginning. I
would think the student was expected to extend the logic through the entire
piece, though in my performance, I mostly stick to the text, so that you, the
listener, can hear what was passed down to us. In a few cases I do carry the
ornamentation a bit further, (see above) but am pretty discreet. In several of
the later Sinfonias, the students' ornamentation is heavy throughout, as is also
true in Bach's final versions.
The two most radically different works, in Bach's hand, are Invention #1 with
triplets, and Sinfonia 5, highly ornamented in the French style. In the case of
Sinfonia 5, I wonder if my simple performance is even remotely correct. I
suspect not.
In this performance, I also do not play every conceivable ornament. Sinfonia 12,
for example, has some appogiaturas in the subject (appearing only once), that I
personally don't care for, though I suppose one could get used to them, and
maybe even like them if they were carried out in all voices. The same holds true
of an appogiatura in the opening subject in Sinfonia 14, which to me sounds like
an interruption. It all eventually boils down to taste.
I hope you enjoy this, and those of you who play, I hope this inspires you to be
more free and creative with these pieces. I also feel that sticking to these
pupils' versions is not essential, nor was Bach's true intent, though they are
quite instructive to us now. JJ
m3u audio streams (if the flash player above doesn't work for you): [hifilofi] Play all tracks as an m3u audio stream (or xspf, ogg, mp3 file)
[hifilofi] 01-Invention 1 in C major (1:05)
[hifilofi] 02-Invention 1 in C major BFA (1:14)
[hifilofi] 03-Invention 2 in c minor (1:47)
[hifilofi] 04-Sinfonia 1 in C major (1:10)
[hifilofi] 05-Sinfonia 1 in C major P219 (1:13)
[hifilofi] 06-Sinfonia 2 in c minor (2:02)
[hifilofi] 07-Sinfonia 2 in c minor P219 (2:12)
[hifilofi] 08-Invention 3 in D major BFA (1:07)
[hifilofi] 09-Invention 4 in d minor (0:54)
[hifilofi] 10-Sinfonia 3 in D major (1:16)
[hifilofi] 11-Sinfonia 2 in D major P219+ (1:19)
[hifilofi] 12-Sinfonia 4 in d minor (2:12)
[hifilofi] 13-Sinfonia 4 in d minor P219 (2:16)
[hifilofi] 14-Invention 5 in Eb Major (1:29)
[hifilofi] 15-Invention 5 in Eb Major BFA (1:32)
[hifilofi] 16-Sinfonia 5 in Eb Major (2:48)
[hifilofi] 17-Sinfonia 5 in Eb Major BFA+ (2:48)
[hifilofi] 18-Invention 6 in E major (3:10)
[hifilofi] 19-Invention 7 in e minor CWFB (1:16)
[hifilofi] 20-Sinfonia 6 in E major (1:10)
[hifilofi] 21-Sinfonia 6 in E major P219 (1:10)
[hifilofi] 22-Sinfonia 7 in e minor (2:35)
[hifilofi] 23-Sinfonia 7 in e minor P219 (2:28)
[hifilofi] 24-Invention 8 in F Major (1:01)
[hifilofi] 25-Invention 9 in f minor BFA (2:16)
[hifilofi] 26-Sinfonia 8 in F Major HG+ (1:15)
[hifilofi] 27-Sinfonia 9 in f minor (3:01)
[hifilofi] 28-Sinfonia 9 in f minor P 219 HG (2:59)
[hifilofi] 29-Invention 10 in G Major (0:51)
[hifilofi] 30-Invention 10 in G Major BFA (0:54)
[hifilofi] 31-Invention 11 in g minor (1:46)
[hifilofi] 32-Invention 11 in g minor BFA (1:48)
[hifilofi] 33-Sinfonia 10 in G Major (1:11)
[hifilofi] 34-Sinfonia 11 in g minor (2:38)
[hifilofi] 35-Sinfonia 11 in g minor P219 HG (2:52)
[hifilofi] 36-Invention 12 in A Major P219 HG (1:22)
[hifilofi] 37-Invention 13 in a minor (1:16)
[hifilofi] 38-Sinfonia 12 in A Major (1:27)
[hifilofi] 39-Sinfonia 13 in a minor (1:36)
[hifilofi] 40-Sinfonia 13 in a minor P219 HG (1:48)
[hifilofi] 41-Invention 14 in Bb Major (1:22)
[hifilofi] 42-Sinfonia 14 in Bb Major (P219) (1:28)
[hifilofi] 43-Invention 15 in b minor (1:15)
[hifilofi] 44-Invention 15 in b minor HG (1:07)
[hifilofi] 45-Sinfonia 15 in b minor P219 (1:51)